- Emerged in the 1970s.
- Integrates women in economic development through legal and administrative support.
- Examines the sexual division of labor and the differential impact of gender in development.
- Recognizes that women and men's experience of development and societal changes are different.
- Focuses on advocacy for more equal participation of women in education, employment and other spheres of the society.
- Implements such projects as transfer of technology, extension services, credit facilities, and other interventions that have a welfare orientation, especially projects on hygiene, literacy or child care.
- Does not challenge gender relations and assumes that these will change as women become economic partners in development |
- Recognizes that women have always been part of development.
- Focuses on the relationship of women and development process rather that purely on strategies that seek women's integration in development.
- Critiques the relations between developed and developing nations, particularly their impact on the lives of men and women in developing countries.
- Maintains that women's position will improve due to structural and institutional reforms installed at local and international levels.
- Includes a critique of the donor agencies' agenda for promoting women's integration in development.
- Focuses on productive and income generating projects at the expense of women's reproductive work.
- Tends to group women together without considering the impact of class, race or ethnicity on women's status. |
- Started in the 1980s as an enhancement to WID.
- Questions gender relations between women and men and the gender roles ascribed to them.
- Sees the gender division of labor as the root of inequality, especially since it undervalues the work done by women in the household.
- Recognizes women as agents of development, not merely as passive recipients of development assistance.
- Stresses the need for women to organize themselves and participate in political processes.
- Questions current social, economic and political structures.
- Promotes interventions and affirmative action programs that integrate women into on-going development efforts. |